Basic Elements of Interior Design

Space

Space is the foremost element used in interior design. It is the area within a room and defines the physical boundaries and limits you have to work with. All the other elements of interior design combine within any space. Different types of spaces in interior design need to be considered for a better design. Such as-

2D and 3D Space

2D spaces consider length and width, while 3D spaces are about height along with the other two. Interior designers mostly work within 3D spaces. Because length and width are important while flooring or placing carpet. And height is important while shelving or furniture alignment.

Positive and Negative Space

Positive space contains objects (furniture), while the negative one is the open space, including any space between objects. So balancing the negative and positive spaces is important to avoid clutter and for better navigation.

Line

Lines are the boundary that defines shapes. While drawing an object in a room, it’s generally started with the outlines. The form of a line creates a sense of direction of a focal point. It can direct you horizontally, vertically, or dynamically (diagonal, zigzag, or curve). Hence, we get 5 different types of lines−

• Horizontal Lines (up and down)
• Vertical Lines (side-to-side)
• Diagonal Lines (diagonally upwards or downwards)
• Zigzag Lines (represent movement, action, energy)
• Curved Lines (freeform, arcing, circular, or elliptical)

The way you choose to highlight the direction of lines will determine the mood you want to create.

Light

Light is the lightness and darkness of any object or any space. Mood can also be transformed with light, making it a very powerful tool. Even with all the other elements, the interior of a space is incomplete without the proper lighting. It can create the illusion of color, texture, movement, or pattern.

The light source can be of two types: natural or artificial (man-made). Intensity or usage of lights can also be broken into 3 categories depending on the task, accent, intensity, and mood. Whether it’s natural light or artificial light, quality lighting is essential for any space.

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Color

Color is another important design element as it brings a space to life. It’s more of a science all on its own that shouldn’t be underestimated. It can stimulate memories and emotions or change moods. It can even influence our psychological responses.

For example, blue is one of those colors that induce calmness. So it’s more suitable for bedrooms or a space where one can relax. Color has several properties− hue, value, and intensity. Choosing the right colors depends on the activities too. So, interior designers must understand the accent and the usage of colors.

Texture

Another essential element of interior design is texture. It can be an object's visual appearance or physical feeling. Meaning it can be seen or felt. Therefore, we see two types of texture− visual textures (such as color or pattern) and actual textures (such as physical surfaces).

Pattern

Finally, the last one is the pattern. Patterns are the intended duplication of forms, lines, or multiple design elements working together. It can be applied to any form, like wallpaper, fabric, furniture, or lighting.

There are also types of patterns in interior design. Such as floral, stripes, geometric, complex, motif, and animal prints. Instead of just one type, a mixture of different patterns can bring life to a space. Not too many, though. Otherwise, it can be a chaotic look.